NCERT Solution of Class 10 Science Chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce

• Sexual reproduction takes place by the combination of special reproductive cells called sex cells.
• Sex cells are of two types : male sex cells and female sex cells. The sex cells are commonly known as gametes or germ cells.
• Gametes are of two types: male gametes and female gametes.
• In sexual reproduction, a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to form a new cell called zygote.

• The plants in which the sex organs are carried within the flowers and the seeds are enclosed in a fruit are called angiosperms. Angiosperms are commonly known as flowering plants.
• The sex organs (or reproductive organs) of a plant are in its flowers.
• The majority of plants are bisexual having the male and female reproductive organs in the same plant (or same flower).
The sexual reproduction in plants takes place in the following steps
1. The male organ of flower called ‘stamen’ makes the male gametes (male sex cells) of the plant. These male gametes are present in pollen grains.
2. The female organ of a flower called ‘carpel’ makes the female gametes (female sex cells) of the plant. These female gametes are present in ovules. The female gametes present in ovules are also called ‘ova’, ‘egg cells’ or just ‘eggs’.
3. The male gametes present in pollen grains fertilise the female gametes or egg cells present in ovules.
4 The fertilised egg cells grow within ovules and become seeds.
5. The seeds produce new plants on germination (under suitable conditions of water, warmth, air and light, etc.).