Mod Education is provided Best Solution for CBSE NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals. This Chapter Notes Download in PDF Format with Notes and Question Answer.
NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals PDF Download
Elements are classified broadly into two categories on the basis of properties: Metals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium etc.
Non–metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc. Apart from metals and non-metals, some elements show properties of both metals and non–metals, e.g. Silicon, Arsenic, and Germanium. They are called metalloids
Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non–metals (Class 10 Science CBSE):-
| S.No | Property | Metals | Non-Metals |
| 1 | Physical State | Metals are solid in the room temperature. Except for mercury and gallium. | Non-metals generally exist as solids and gases, except Bromine. |
| 2 | Melting and boiling points | Metals generally have high m.pt and b.pt except for gallium and caesium. | Non-metals have low m.pt and b.pt except diamond and graphite. |
| 3 | Density | Generally high. | Generally low. |
| 4 | Malleability and Ductility | Malleable and ductile. | Neither malleable nor ductile. |
| 5 | Electrical and thermal conductivity | Good conductors of heat and electricity. | Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity except for graphite. |
| 6 | Lustre | Poses shining lustre. | Do not have lustre except for iodine. |
| 7 | Sonorous sound | Give sonorous sound when struck. | Does not give sonorous sound. |
| 8 | Hardness | Generally hard except Na, K | Solid non-metals are generally soft except diamond. |
Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:-
| 1 | Reaction with Oxygen | Metal + Oxygen→Metal oxide 4Na(s) + O2(g) →2Na2O(s) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) →2Al2O3 Metals form basic oxides Zn and Al form amphoteric oxides (they show the properties of both acidic and basic oxides) Most of the metal oxides are insoluble in water Some of them dissolve to form Alkali Na2O(s) + H2O(l) →2NaOH(aq) | Non-metal + Oxygen →Non-metal oxide C + O2 →CO2 S + O2 →SO2 Non-metals form acidic oxides CO and HO2O are neutral oxides(they are neither acidic nor basic in nature) Non- metal oxides are soluble in water They dissolve in water to form acids SO2 + H2O →H2SO3 |
| 2 | Reaction with water | Metals react with water to form metal oxides or metal hydroxide and H2 gas are released. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) →2NaOH + H2(g) + heat | Non-metals do not react with water, and steam to evolve hydrogen gas. Because Non-metals cannot give electrons to hydrogen in water it can be released as H2 gas. |
| 3 | Reaction with dilute Acids | Metal + Acid →Metal salt + Hydrogen HCl Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)→ MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) H2SO4 2Na(s) + H2SO2→ Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g) HNO3 Metal + HNO3→ H2 gas is not displaced. Reason- HNO3 is a strong oxidizing agent. | Non-metals do not react with acids to release H2 gas Reason- Non-metals cannot lose electrons and give them to Hydrogen ions of acids so that the gas is released. Mn + 2HNO3→ Mn(NO3)2 + H2 H2 gas from HNO3 |
| 4 | Reaction with salt solutions | When metals react with salt the solution, a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. CuSO4(aq) + n(s)→ ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) | When non-metals react with salt solution, a more reactive non-metal will displace a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution. 2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)→ 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq) |
| 5 | Reaction with Chlorine | Metal + Chlorine→ Metal Chloride an ionic bond is formed. Therefore Ionic compound is obtained. 2Na+ Cl2 → 2NaCl | Non-metal + Chlorine→Non-metal Chloride covalent bond is formed. Therefore covalent compound is obtained. H2(g) + Cl2 → 2HCl |
| 6 | Reaction with Hydrogen | Metals react with hydrogen to form metal hydride This reaction takes place only for most reactive metals. 2Na(s)+ H2(g) → 2NaH(s) | Non-metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides H2(g) + S(l) → H2S(g) |
NCERT solution for class 10 Science chapter 3 Properties of ionic compounds
| 1. | Physical nature | : | solid and hard due to the strong force of attraction. (generally brittle) |
| 2. | Melting point and boiling point | : | have high M.P and B.P, as a large amount of heat energy is required to break strong ionic attraction. |
| 3. | Solubility | : | soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and petrol. |
| 4. | Conduction of electricity | : | ionic compounds in solid state—– do not conduct electricity. |
Reason – Ions can not move due to a rigid solid structure. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in the molten state.
Reason- Ions can move freely since the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions are overcome due to heat.
NCERT solution for class 10 Science Chapter 3 FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Is it a liquid at room temperature?
Mercury is a metal which is liquid at room temperature
Can be easily cut with a knife?
Sodium and potassium are metals which can be cut with a knife
Is it the best conductor of heat?
Silver is the best conductor of heat
Is it a poor conductor of heat?
Mercury is a poor conductor of heat.
Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile.
Metals which can be beaten to sheets are said to be malleable.
Metals which can be drawn into thin wires are said to be ductile.
Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Sodium is a reactive metal, if kept open it will react with oxygen to explore and catch fire. Sodium metal is kept immersed in kerosene to prevent its reaction with oxygen, moisture and carbon dioxide in the air.
Physical Properties of Metals
Hardness
Strength
State
Sound
Malleability
Ductility
Melting and Boiling Point
Density
Colour
Hardness
Most of the metals are hard, except alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, etc. are very soft metals. These can be cut by using a knife.
Strength
Most of the metals are strong and have high tensile strength. Because of this, big structures are made using metals, such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). (Except Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) which are soft metals).
State
Metals are solid at room temperature except for mercury (Hg).
Sound
Metals produce ringing sounds, so, metals are called Sonorous. The sound of metals is also known as Metallic sound. This is the cause why metal wires are used in making musical instruments.
Malleability
Metals are malleable. This means metals can be beaten into a thin sheet. Because of this property, iron is used in making big ships.
Ductility
Metals are ductile. This means metals can be drawn into thin wire. Because of this property, a wire is made of metals.
Melting and Boiling Point
Metals have generally high melting and boiling points. (Except sodium and potassium metals which have low melting and boiling point.)
Density
Most of the metals have a high density.
Colour
Most of the metals are grey in colour. But gold and copper are exceptions.
