Short Notes: Class 12 Geography Key Notes Chapter 1 Human Geography Nature and Scope
Class 12 Geography Key Notes Chapter 1 Human Geography Nature and Scope
Geography is a subject which deals with the interaction between man and the environment
There are two branches of Geography
- Physical Geography
- Human Geography
- Physical Geography deals with physical features such as mountains, plains, valley, plateau, atmosphere, Ocean etc.
- Human Geography deals about the mankind spaced over the surface of the earth and their activities
Human Geography is divided into two branches
- Systematic Geography and regional Geography
- Systematic Geography is a study about man and his natural environment
Human Geography is defined by various scholars
- According to Friedrich Ratzel human Geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human Societies and earth surface
- Ellen C Sample says human Geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and unstable earth
- Vidal- la -Blache defines human Geography offers a new conception of the interrelationship between earth and man
- A more synthetic knowledge physical governing of the relationship between the living beings
Nature of human Geography
Human Geography is a study about interrelationship between physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other.
- P.SELVAMANI TA (GEO) ZIET MYSURU
Naturalisation Of Humans and Humanisation of Nature
- Concept of friction and heat helped to discover fire
- A proper understanding of the secrets DNA and genetics enabled to get many ideas in diseases
- Understanding of laws of aerodynamics helped in developing faster planes
Environmental Determinism
- It is a type of interaction between primitive old society or human society and strong forces of nature
- It is known as environmental determinism
- The environment determines human activities at the stage of the level of technology
- When the level of technology was very low the human activity was determined completely by the nature
- In olden days man started to worshipped the nature
Possibilism
- The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage of time
- They created possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment
- Man started to develop the technology and modified the nature
- For example, health resorts on highlands, urban sprawl pastures, plain areas sea port in the coastal areas and satellites
Neo determinism or stop and go determinism
- It was introduced by a scholar namely Griff Taylor
- He introduced this concept between two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism
- It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it
- They have to respond to the red signal and then proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits the modification
- It means the possibilities can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment
- There is no free run without accidents
- The development should not cause any ozone layer depletion, global Warming and degrading the lands
Different thoughts of human Geography
Welfare or humanistic school of thought
- Mainly concerned with the different aspects of social well being of the people
- Aspects like housing, health and education Radical school of thought
It concerns to explain the causes of poverty, deprivation and social inequality
Behavioural school of thought
It laid great emphasis on experience and also on the perception of space by social category based on ethnicity, race and religion etc…
Human Geography Through the Corridors of Time
- Earlier there was little interaction between different societies and the knowledge about each other was limited.
- Travelers and explorers used to share information about the areas of their visits.
- Navigational skills were not developed and voyages were full of dangers.
- The late fifteenth century witnessed attempts of explorations in Europe and slowly the myths and mysteries about countries and people started to open up.
- The colonial period provided impetus to further explorations in order to access the resources of the regions and to obtain information.
| FIELDS AND SUB FIELDS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY | ||
| Fields of human Geography | Sub fields | Sister disciplines |
| Social Geography | ———– | Social science-sociology |
| Behavioral Geography | Psychology | |
| Geography of social well being | Welfare economics | |
| Geography of leisure | Sociology | |
| Cultural Geography | Anthropology | |
| Gender Geography | Sociology, anthropology, women studies | |
| Historical Geography | History | |
| Medical Geography | Epidemiology | |
| Urban Geography | ——— | Urban studies and planning |
| Political Geography | ———- | Political science |
| Electoral Geography | Psephology | |
| Military Geography | Military science | |
| Population Geography | —– | Demography |
| Settlement Geography | —— | Urban and rural planning |
| Economic Geography | ——– | Economics |
| Geography of resources | Resource economics | |
| Geography of Agriculture | Agricultural science | |
| Geography of industries | Industrial economics | |
| Geography of marketing | Business studies, economics, commerce | |
| Geography of tourism | Tourism and travel management | |
| Geography of international trade | International trade | |
Class 12 Geography Key Notes
