Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 14 : NCERT CBSE RBSE and Other State Board Solutions for Class 12 Geography Notes for Chapter 14 Human Settlements Notes questions answers MCQs Download PDF
Class 12 Geography Notes Chapter 14 Human Settlements
WHAT ARE GARRISON TOWNS? WHAT ARE THEIR FUNCTIONS?
Garrison Towns are the towns which are cantonments of the forces.E.g Ambala, Jallandhar etc.
1. They satisfy the needs of the forces.
2. Forces equipments are prepared here.
3. Heavy equipments are also kept here.
4. Different kinds of training is given to the forces.
HOW CAN ONE IDENTIFY URBAL AGGLOMERATION?
An urban agglomeration is identified by the three combinations.
1. A town with its urban outgrowths.
2. Two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths &
3. A city with one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths forming a contiguous spread.
MAIN FACTORS FOR THE LOCATION OF VILLAGES IN DESERTS ARE FOLLOWINGS:-
1. Availability of water,
2. Fertile land,
3. Availability of fodder & grass.
4. Other factors like climate, relief etc. also play their part.
WHAT ARE METROPOLITAN CITIES? HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT FROM URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS?
Metropolitan cities are the part of urban agglomerations. They have population more than one million. Hence they are named as million plus cities.
They differ from urban agglomeration in the sense that an urban agglomeration includes in itself the adjoining outgrowths also.
FEATURES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS ARE FOLLOWINGS:-
CLUSTERED / AGGLOMERATED / NUCLEATED SETTLEMENTS.
1. Clustered rural settlement is a compact or closely built up area of houses.
2. These settlements are generally found in fertile alluvial plains & in the north eastern states.
3. These settlements often present a definite lay out plan which may be linear, rectangular, L shaped or shapeless.
SEMI CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTS / FRAGMENTED SETTLEMENTS
1. These settlements result from the tendency of clustering in a restricted area of dispersed settlement.
2. Such settlements may also result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village.
3. These settlements are widespread in the Gujarat plain & some part of Rajasthan.
HAMLETED SETTLEMENTS:-
1. Sometimes a settlement is fragmented in to several units physically separated from one another.
2. These units are locally called Panna, Para, Palli Nagla.
3. These settlements are widespread in the middle & lower Ganga plain.
DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS / ISOLATED /SCATTERED / SPRINKLED SETTLEMENTS
1. In this type of settlements, the hamlets are scattered over a vast area.
2. Generally these settlements are found in the form of isolated huts or hamlets of few huts in remote jungles.
3. Several areas of Meghalaya, Uttrakhand, Himachal Pradesh & Kerala have these kinds of settlements.
CAN ONE IMAGINE THE PRESENCE OF ONLY ONE- FUNCTION TOWN?
WHY DO THE CITIES BECAME MULTI- FUNCTIONAL?
One cannot imagine one function cities/towns. The cities became multi functional because of the following reasons:-
1. In the time of globalization cities need to be multifunctional.
2. Competitiveness of MNC also made the cities multifunctional.
3. Fast urbanization & globalization process has also forced the cities to perform multifunctional activities.
ANCIENT TOWNS
1. These towns have historical background spanning over 2000 years
2. E.g. Varanasi. Prayag, Patliputra.
3. Most of them developed as religious & cultural centres.
MEDIEVAL TOWNS
1. About 100 of the existing towns have evolved in the medieval period.
2. Most of them developed as headquarters of principalities & kingdoms.
3. Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, are important medieval towns.
